Annexation of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union: Historical Context and Implications

Introduction

The annexation of the Baltic States—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—by the Soviet Union in the summer of 1940 represents a significant yet often overlooked episode in the history of Eastern Europe. This report aims to explore the historical context surrounding the annexation, the geopolitical factors that facilitated it, and the implications that followed for the Baltic States and the broader international community. By analyzing the events leading up to the annexation, including the impact of World War II and the dynamics of Soviet expansionism, this report seeks to shed light on the complexities of the Baltic States’ incorporation into the Soviet sphere and the long-lasting effects on their national identities and international relations.

Historical Context

The Baltic States had a unique historical trajectory prior to their annexation by the Soviet Union. Following the collapse of the Russian Empire after World War I, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania declared independence in 1918. Their newfound sovereignty was marked by a struggle against various internal and external forces, including