Exploring the Role of Utilitarianism in Modern Ethical Decision-Making Practices

Introduction

In recent years, the complexities of ethical decision-making have become increasingly significant across various sectors, from business to healthcare and public policy. This report aims to explore the role of utilitarianism—a consequentialist ethical theory that promotes actions that maximize overall happiness or utility—in modern ethical decision-making practices. By examining the principles of utilitarianism, its practical applications, and the challenges it faces, this report seeks to elucidate the relevance of utilitarianism in guiding contemporary ethical decisions.

The Principles of Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism, primarily associated with philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, posits that the moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall happiness or utility. Bentham introduced the “greatest happiness principle,” which suggests that actions should be evaluated based on their outcomes, specifically their capacity to promote pleasure and reduce pain. Mill later refined this concept by emphasizing the qualitative differences among pleasures, advocating for higher intellectual and moral pleasures over mere physical satisfaction.