Empress Wu Zetian: The Rise and Reign of China’s First Female Emperor

Introduction

Throughout history, women have often been relegated to the periphery of power and influence, particularly in patriarchal societies. However, the case of Empress Wu Zetian stands as a remarkable exception to this trend. Wu Zetian, who ruled during China’s Tang Dynasty from 690 to 705 CE, is not only notable for being the only woman to officially hold the title of emperor in Chinese history, but her reign also marked a significant period of political, cultural, and social change. This report aims to explore the rise and reign of Wu Zetian, examining the strategies she employed to ascend to power, the policies she implemented during her rule, and her lasting impact on Chinese history.

The Rise of Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian’s ascendance to power was neither simple nor straightforward. Born in 624 CE, she entered the imperial court as a concubine to Emperor Taizong. Following his death, she became a nun to avoid the competition for power among the emperor’s sons. However, her ambitions did not wane, and she returned to the court as a concubine to Taizong’s successor, Emperor Gaozong. Her intel