Functional Fixedness: Understanding Cognitive Constraints in Problem-Solving and Creativity

Introduction

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person’s ability to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used. This phenomenon plays a significant role in problem-solving and creativity, as it restricts the mental flexibility necessary for innovative thought. The purpose of this report is to explore the concept of functional fixedness, examine its implications for problem-solving and creativity, and discuss strategies to overcome this cognitive constraint. By analyzing the cognitive mechanisms behind functional fixedness, this report aims to clarify how it affects individuals in various contexts, particularly in creative endeavors and complex problem-solving situations.

Understanding Functional Fixedness

Functional fixedness was first introduced by psychologist Karl Duncker in the early 20th century through his famous “candle problem,” which illustrates how individuals often struggle to see alternative uses for common objects. In this task, participants are presented with a candle, a box of matches, and a container of tacks, and they must fin