The Zand Dynasty: A Historical Overview of Iran’s 18th Century Power

Introduction The Zand Dynasty, which ruled Iran from 1750 to 1794, represents a significant yet often overlooked period in Iranian history. Emerging in the aftermath of the Safavid decline, the Zand Dynasty played a critical role in re-establishing Iranian unity and strengthening national identity during a time marked by fragmentation and foreign invasions. This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Zand Dynasty, exploring its founding, key figures, political structure, cultural developments, and eventual downfall. By examining the Zand Dynasty’s contributions to Iran’s historical landscape, this report underscores its importance in shaping the country’s trajectory towards modernity.

The Rise of the Zand Dynasty The Zand Dynasty was founded by Karim Khan Zand, a military leader who capitalized on the power vacuum left by the Safavids and the subsequent Afghan invasions. After a series of internal conflicts and foreign occupations, Karim Khan successfully united various factions in Iran, establishing a capital in Shiraz. His rise to power was underpinned by a